Communication that supports dignity

Understanding can take longer when someone is living with dementia. Give one idea at a time, in short and respectful sentences, and allow extra time for a response before you speak again.

Before you assume a communication problem, check the basics. Hearing aids, glasses, lighting, background noise and the person's preferred language all affect how well they can take part.

• One idea at a time, in short sentences.
• Pause and wait. Silence gives the person time to think.
• Avoid rapid-fire questions. Try 'Would you like tea or juice?' rather than an open list.
• Use familiar words and names, and use gestures, objects or pictures to support your words.
• Check hearing, vision and language needs first.

When a person says something that does not match the facts, correcting them can cause more distress. Listen for the feeling behind the words. A person asking to go home may be looking for comfort, security or connection.

Validation means acknowledging and responding to the person's feelings. It does not mean agreeing with every factual detail. You can reassure someone and explore what 'home' means to them without confirming that they will leave right now.

• Acknowledge the feeling: 'It sounds like home is very important to you.'
• Ask gently about what they miss or are looking for.
• Offer reassurance and a calming or familiar activity.
• Avoid unnecessary correction. Only correct facts when safety depends on it.

Your tone, posture and facial expression often carry more meaning than your words. Approach from the front, get to eye level and speak calmly. Watch the person's non-verbal cues too, such as expressions, posture and gestures.

Speak to adults as adults. Avoid baby talk, pet names the person has not invited, or a tone that suggests the person cannot understand. Support autonomy by inviting the person to take part in decisions wherever they can.

• Approach from the front and introduce yourself, even if you have met before.
• Keep your voice calm and unhurried.
• Watch for non-verbal signs of comfort or distress.
• Avoid patronising speech and remember the person is an adult with a lifetime of experience.